UCLA Department of MCDB -- Ann Hirsch Lab -- publications

Sweetclover Mutants

Symbiotic Mutants
Non Symbiotic Mutants
Not completely Characterized Mutants
Dr. A. Micke's Mutants

(Genes Affecting Symbiotic Phenotypes)

Allele	Description	Reference
Sym1 sym1	Nod⁺Hac^-, Inf^-, Nod^+/-	Miller et al., 1991; Utrup et al., 1993
Sym2 sym2	Nod⁺Hac⁺, Inf⁺, Nod^+/-	Miller et al., 1991; Utrup et al., 1993
Sym3 sym3	Nod⁺Hac^-, Inf^-, Nod^-	Miller et al., 1991; Utrup et al., 1993
Sym4 sym4	Nod⁺Hac⁺, Inf⁺, Nod^+/-	Miller et al., 1991; Utrup et al., 1993
Sym5 sym5	Nod⁺Hac^-, Inf^-, Nod^+/-	Miller et al., 1991; Utrup et al., 1993

References

Miller, J.E., D.R. Viands, and T.A. LaRue. 1991. Inheritance of nonnodulating mutants of sweetclover. Crop Sci. 31: 948-952.

Utrup, L.J., A.J. Cary and J.H. Norris. 1993. Five nodulation mutants of white sweetclover (Melilotus alba Desr.) exhibit distinct phenotypes blocked at root hair curling, infection thread development, and nodule organogenesis. Plant Physiol. 103: 925-932.

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(Genes Affecting Non-Symbiotic Phenotypes)

(Based on a Table from Smith and Gorz, 1965)

Allele	Description	Reference
A a	Annual Growth Habit Biennial Growth Habit	Smith, 1927; Clarke, 1935; Stevenson and White, 1937
B b	b-glucosidase activity no b-glucosidase activity	Stevenson and White, 1940; Horner and White, 1941; Slatensek and Washburn, 1944; Goplen et al., 1957; Schaeffer et al., 1960; Haskins and Gorz, 1961; Gilchrist et al., 1970.
Bd bd	Normal plant Bunched dwarf (from Arctic)	Kirk, 1931; Clarke, 1931; Hartwig, 1942 (as d₂)
C c	Normal leaf Cup leaf	Hartwig, 1942
C c	Color in seed coat Lack of color in seed coat	Fowlds, 1939; Hartwig, 1942 (as I); Swenson, 1942; Specht et al., 1976
Cb cb	Normal plant Cotyledonary branching	Kleinhofs et al., 1968; Gengenbach et al., 1969
Ch₁, Ch₂, Ch₃ch₁, ch₂, ch₃	Normal green plant Chlorophyll-deficient plant	Bringhurst, 1950
Ch₄, Ch₆, Ch₇ch₄, ch₆, ch₇	Normal green plant Chlorophyll-deficient plant	Kleinhofs et al., 1968; Gengenbach et al., 1970; Specht et al., 1975; Yang et al., 1990
Ch₅ch₅	Normal green plant Chlorophyll-deficient plant	Kleinhofs et al., 1968; Gengenbach et al., 1970; Ronnenkamp et al., 1975; Specht et al., 1975; Yang et al., 1990
Ch_8-12ch_8-12	Normal green plant Chlorophyll-deficient plant	Kleinhofs et al., 1968; Ronnenkamp et al., 1975; Specht et al., 1975; Yang et al., 1990
Ch_vch_v	Normal veins Dark veins	Kleinhofs et al., 1968; Gengenbach et al., 1970; Ronnenkamp et al., 1975; Specht et al., 1975; Yang et al., 1990
Cl cl	Normal leaf Curled leaf	Kleinhofs et al., 1968; Gengenbach et al., 1969
Cu cu	High coumarin Low coumarin	Smith, 1943; Goplen et al., 1957; Rudorf and Schwarze, 1958; Haskins and Gorz, 1961; Micke, 1962; Akeson et al., 1963
D d	Normal plant Dwarf (from Common White)	Elders, 1928
D₃d₃	Normal plant Dwarf (from So. Dakota, F.C. 13,074)	Fowlds, 1939, Hartwig, 1942
D₄d₄	Normal plant Dwarf (from P.I. 89,911)	Hartwig, 1942
D_spd_sp	Normal leaf Short-petiole dwarf	Ronnenkamp et al., 1973
Dw dw	Normal plant Dwarf plant	Kleinhofs et al., 1968; Gengenbach et al., 1969
E e	Epistatic to G (resistant) No action on G	Gorz, 1955
El el	Normal stem Elongated internodes and reduced branching and leaf production	Kleinhofs et al., 1968; Ronnenkamp et al., 1973
F f	Normal leaflet Folded leaflet	Kleinhofs et al., 1968; Ronnenkamp et al., 1973
G g	Susceptible to stem canker Resistance to stem canker	Gorz, 1955
Mf mf	Multifoliolate leaves Normal leaves	Kleinhofs et al., 1968; Gengenbach et al., 1969
Pc pc	Green cotyledons Pale green cotyledons; single recessive	Goplen, 1969
Pg₁, Pg₂pg₁ or pg₂	Normal green plant Pale green plant	Clarke, 1931
Ru ru	Normal plant Rugose leaf, pleiotropy	Goplen, 1962
Sd sd	Normal plant Spreading dwarf (from Arctic)	Kirk, 1931; Clarke, 1931; Stevenson, 1937; Hartwig, 1942 (as d₁)
Un un	Trifoliate leaves, normal inflorescence Predominantly unifoliata leaves; cauliflower-like inflorescence	Goplen, 1967
Ws ws	Green sepal White sepal	Goplen, 1992
Y y	Yellow cotyledon; yellow seed coat with C Green cotyledon; green seed coat with C	Fowlds, 1939; Hartwig, 1942, Swenson, 1942; Gorz et al., 1975
-	Normal seed coat Brownish sunken spots on seed coat, permeable (recessive)	Stevenson, 1937; White and Stevenson, 1948; Downey et al., 1954
- -	Mottled seed coat (dominant) Clear seed coat	Kirk and Stevenson, 1931; Stevenson, 1937
- -	Normal leaf Cut leaf, pleiotropy (recessive)	Kirk and Armstrong, 1934

References

Akeson, W.R., H.J. Gorz, and F.A. Haskins. 1963. Effect of genotype and growth stage on distribution of melilotic acid, o-coumaric acid, and coumarinic acid in Melilotus alba Desr. Crop Sci. 3 : 167-171.

Bringhurst, R.S. 1950, Genetic analysis of chlorophyll deficiency in Melilotus alba x M. dentata hybrids with some observations on meiotic irregularities. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Wisconsin. Madison, Wisconsin.

Clarke, A.E. 1931. Inheritance of the dwarf branching habit in sweet clover. Sci. Agr. 11: 326-332.

Clarke, A.E. 1935. Inheritance of annual habit and mode of pollination in an annual white sweet clover. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 27: 492-496.

Downey, R.K., J.E.R. Greenshields, and W.J. White. 1954. The nature and inheritance of seed coat spotting in permeable-seeded strains of sweet clover (Melilotus alba L.). Can. J. Agr. Sci. 34: 514-527.

Elders, A.T. 1928. A dwarfing character in sweet clover. Sci. Agr. 8: 438-440.

Fowlds, M. 1939. Seed color studies in biennial white sweet clover, Melilotus alba . J. Am. Soc. Agron. 31: 678-686.

Gengenbach, B.G., F.A. Haskins, and H.J. Gorz. 1969. Genetic studies of induced mutants in Melilotus alba . I. Short-internode dwarf, curled leaf, multifoliate leaf, and cotyledonary branching. Crop Sci. 9: 607-610.

Gengenbach, B.G., F.A. Haskins, and H.J. Gorz. 1970. Genetic studies of induced mutants in Melilotus alba. II. Inheritance and complementation of chlorophyll-deficient mutants. Crop Sci. 10: 154-156.

Gilchrist, D.G., F.A. Haskins, and H.J. Gorz. 1970. Comparison of protein constituents relating to b-glucosidase activity in BB and bb inbred lines of Melilotus alba. Genetics 66: 339-347.

Goplen, B.P., J.E.R. Greenshields, and H. Baenziger. 1957. The inheritance of coumarin in sweet clover. Can. J. Bot. 35: 583-593.

Goplen, B.P. 1967. A recessive pleiotropic gene conditioning unifoliolate leaves and cauliflower inflorescences in sweetclover. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 9: 136-140.

GOLPEN, B.P. 1969. Forage yield and other agronomic traits of high- and low-coumarin isosynthetics of sweetclover. Crop Sci. 9: 477-480.

Goplen, B.P. 1992. A recessive gene for white sepal color in sweetclover, Melilotus alba L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 72: 1259-1262.

Gorz, H.J., J.E., Specht, and F.A. Haskins. 1975. Inheritance of seed and seedling color in sweetclover. Crop Sci. 15: 235-238.

Hartwig, E.E. 1942. Inheritance of growth habit, cotyledon color and cup-leaf in Melilotus alba. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 34: 160-166.

Haskins, F.A. and H.J. Gorz. 1961. A reappraisal of the relationship between free and bound coumarin in Melilotus. Crop Sci. 1: 320-323.

Horner, W.H. and W.J. White. 1941. Investigations concerning the coumarin content of sweet clover. III. The inheritance of the low coumarin character. Sci. Agr. 22: 85-92.

Kirk, L.E. 1931. Inheritance of dwarf branching habit in a new variety of sweet clover and its potential economic value in breeding. Sci. Agr. 11: 315-325.

Kirk, L.E. and J.M. Armstrong. 1934. A single factor mutation in Melilotus alba Desr. having multiple effects on homologous structure. Can. J. Res. 10: 787-792.

Kirk, L.E. and T.M. Stevenson. 1931. Seed colour markings in white flowered sweet clover Melilotus alba Desr. Sci. Agr. 11: 607-611.

Kleinhofs, A., H.J. Gorz, and F.A. Haskins. 1968. Mutation induction in Melilotus alba annua by chemical mutagens. Crop Sci. 8: 631-632.

Micke, A. 1962. Eine bitterstoffreie Mutante bei Melilotus albus nach Bestrahlung von Samen mit thermischen Neutronen. Naturwiss. 49: 332.

Ronnenkamp, R.R., F.A. Haskins, and H.J. Gorz. 1973. Genetic studies of induced mutants in Melilotus alba. III. Folded leaflet, elongated stem, and short-petiole dwarf. Crop Sci. 13: 320-321.

Ronnenkamp, R.R., H.J. Gorz, and F.A. Haskins. 1975. Genetic studies of induced mutants in Melilotus alba. IV. Inheritance and complementation of six addition chlorophyll-deficient mutants. Crop Sci. 15: 187-188.

Rudorf, W. and P. Schwarze. 1958. BeitrÁge zur Z«chung eines cumarin-freien Steinklees und Untersuchungen «ber Cumarin und verwandte Verbindungen. Z. Pflanzenz«cht. 39: 245-274.

Schaeffer, G.W., F.A. Haskins, and H.J. Gorz. 1960. Genetic control of coumarin biosynthesis and b-glucosidase activity in Melilotus alba. Biochem. Biophys. Research Commun. 3 : 268-271.

Slatensek, J.M. and R.L. Washburn. 1944. A rapid, fluorometric method for the determination of coumarin and related compounds in sweetclover. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 36: 707-708.

Smith, H.B. 1927. Annual versus biennial growth habit and its inheritance in Melilotus alba. Am. J. Bot. 14: 129-146.

Smith, W.K. 1943. Propagation of chlorophyll-deficient sweetclover hybrids as grafts. J. Hered. 34: 135-140.

Smith, W.K. and H.J. Gorz. 1965. Sweetclover improvement. In: Advances in Agronomy. Academic Press, New York. pp. 163-232.

Specht, J.E., F.A. Haskins, and H.J. Gorz. 1975. Contents of chlorophyll a and b in chlorophyll-deficient mutants of sweetclover. Crop Sci. 15: 851-853

Specht, J.E., H.J. Gorz, and F.A. Haskins. 1976. Genetic regulation of flavonoid content in seeds and seedlings of Melilotus alba. Phytochemistry 15: 133-134.

Stevenson, T. M. 1937. Sweet clover studies on habit of growth, seed pigmentation and permeability of the seed coat. Sci. Agr. 17: 627-654.

Stevenson, T. M. and W.J. White. 1940. Investigations concerning the coumarin content of sweet clover. I. The breeding of a low coumarin line of sweet clover. Sci. Agr. 21: 18-28.

Swenson, S.P. 1942. Inheritance of seed color in biennial white sweetclover, Melilotus alba. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 34: 452-459.

White, W.J. and T.M. Stevenson. 1948. Permeable seeded strains of sweet clover ( Melilotus alba), their development and nature. Sci. Agr. 28: 206-222.

Yang, C.-M., J.C. Osterman, and J. Markwell. 1990. Temperature sensitivity as a general phenomenon in a collection of chlorophyll-deficient mutants of sweetclover (Melilotus alba). Biochem. Genet. 28: 31-40.

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Not Completely Characterized Sweetclover

Mutants

Designation (Author)	Type of Mutant	Phenotype
BT9 (LaRue)	EMS	Antho^-, dark seed
BT19 (LaRue)	EMS	Antho^-
BT20 (LaRue)	EMS	Antho^-
BT25 (LaRue)	g -irradiation	late nodulation, small roots
BT26 (LaRue)	g -irradiation	Antho^-, tall, small roots, few laterals
BT52 (LaRue)	EMS	Antho^-
BT60 (LaRue)	EMS	few laterals
BT65 (LaRue)	Nitroso ethyl urea	Nod⁺, Lut^-, Antho^-, pale seed
BT67 (LaRue)	Nitroso methyl urea	Late nod, small roots, leaves slow to green
R567 (LaRue and Hirsch)	g -irradiation	Nod⁺, Fix^-
Mi58-367 "unifoliata-type" (Micke)	X-rays	Sessile oval leaf consisting of a single leaflet, cauliflower-like flower; similar to a spontaneous mutant (Goplen, 1967).
Mi61-2175 "unifoliata-type" (Micke)	neutron bombardment and X-rays	Ginkgo-shaped leaves, normal petioles, sterile.
Mi61-1921 "tristata" (Micke)	thermal neutrons	Enlarged, wrinkled leaves, drooping petioles, sterile; similar to rugose mutant (Goplen, 1962).
Mi66-1007 "loose flowers" (Micke)	fast neutrons	Funnel-shaped leaflets, stamens with separate filaments, two pistils.
Mi56-422 "tortuosa" (Micke)	X-rays	Curved stems and petioles, fertile.

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Dr. A. Micke's Mutants

A.MICKE, Vienna (Austria)

Induced Mutants of Sweetclover (Melilotus albus Desr.) as published between 1955 and 1976.

(from mutation breeding programmes at the Universities of Giessen and Göttingen, FRG; 1953-1969)

ID-Nr. of mutant	Origin. parent	Mutagen-treatment	Year of mutant selection	Mutant description, main mutant character(s)	Inheritance of mut. character	References
	populat.	x-rays 1953-55	M2 1954-56	51 albina and xantha mutations, lethal (heterozygous plants green and fertile)	recessive	MICKE 1955: Tab.13 MICKE 1958: p.426
Mi 54-8	populat.	x-rays 1953	M2 1954	often more than 3 leaflets per leaf	segreg. 9:52	MICKE 1955: Tab.13
Mi 54-12	populat.	x-rays 1953	M2 1954	dwarf plants (only 2-4 cm high), with flower buds but no flowers developing	segreg. 4:49	MICKE 1955: Fig.40 MICKE 1958: p.427, Fig.6
Mi 54-31	populat.	x-rays 1953	M2 1954	chlorina, semi-dwarf (25-40 cm) and semi-sterile	segreg. 9:74	MICKE 1955: Fig.48 MICKE 1958: p.426
Mi 54-60	populat.	x-rays 1953	M2 1954	prostrate growth, shoots horizontal on the ground, forming a 150-180 cm circle, shoot ends upward (bw photo)	segreg. 5:11	MICKE 1955: Fig.46,47 MICKE 1958: p.427
Mi 54-123	populat.	x-rays 1953	M2 1954	xantha-viridis	segreg. 12:19	MICKE 1958: p.427
Mi 54-152	populat.	x-rays 1953	M2 1954	no shoots, longer stipels, plants only up to 10 cm high (bw photos)	segreg. 5:16	MICKE 1955: Fig.41-44 MICKE 1958: p.428, Fig.7-9
Mi 54-206	populat.	x-rays 1953	M2 1954	albina	segreg. 10:39	MICKE 1958: p.426
Mi 54-208	populat.	x-rays 1953	M2 1954	virescens: green cotyledons but chlorophyll-deficient primary leaf; later leaves green	segreg. 6:39	MICKE 1955: Tab.13
Mi 54-222	populat.	x-rays 1953	M2 1954	virescens: seedlings light green or yellow, later leaves green	segreg. 6:36	Micke 1955: Tab.13
Mi 54-230	populat.	x-rays 1953	M2 1954	chlorina	segreg. 3:4	MICKE 1955: Tab.13
Mi 54-241	populat.	x-rays 1953	M2 1954	often less than 3 leaflets per leaf	segreg. 13:14	MICKE 1955: Tab.13
Mi 54-282	populat.	x-rays 1953	M2 1954	xantha-viridis, seedl. light green, lateron leaves green with yellowing border (bw photo)	segreg. 8:23	MICKE 1955: Tab.13, Fig.49 MICKE 1958: p.47, Fig.5
Mi 54-308	populat.	x-rays 1953	M2 1954	semi-dwarf (20-25 cm) with light green succulent leaves, short internodes, no flowers (bw photos)	segreg. 3:8	MICKE 1955: Fig.45 MICKE 1958: p.427
Mi 54-329	populat.	x-rays 1953	M2 1954	albina (lethal); heterozygous yellow-green plants ca.130 cm, segregate for other mutations in later generations	intermediate inheritance segreg. 38:104:53	MICKE 1958: p.426, Tab.4
	St.148	x-rays 1955	M2 1956	stiff shrubby type, only 65-90 vs.100-120cm shorter internodes, larger and thicker leaves	segreg. 6:20	MICKE 1958: p.429, Fig.10
Mi 56-16	St.148	x-rays 1955	M2 1956	61% water permeable seeds		MICKE 1958: p.431
Mi 56-70	St.148	x-rays 1955	M2 1956	up to 85% water permeable seeds (instead of 15-25%)	quantitat.segregation 6 of 27 more than 50% perm.	MICKE 1958: p.431, Fig.13
	St.148	x-rays 1955	M2 1956	5 other mutations for reduced impermeability		MICKE 1958: p.431
Mi 56-252	St.148	x-rays 1955	M2 1956	bush-type (loss of apical dominance) highly branched, leafy (bw photos)	segreg.38:125	MICKE 1958: p.429-30, Tab.5, Fig.11-12 MICKE 1962b: p.2
Mi 56-422	St.148	x-rays 1955	M2 1956	tortuosa with bent shoots, leaves and inflorescences (bw & color photos)	monomer recessive	RÖMER 1973: p.423, St.1
Mi 56-676	St.148	x-rays 1955	M2 1956 (M3 seeds)	100% water permeable seed coat, lower TGW, darker reddish-brown seed color (bw photos)	recessive	MICKE 1962/63: p.356-7 SCHEIBE and MICKE 1967: p.233, Fig.3
Mi 57-75	St.148	x-rays 1956	M2 1957	dwarf plants (15-20 cm), small dark leaves, no flowers,"low coumarin content",not increasing by air drying (hay), lacks glucosidase	segreg. 14:67	MICKE 1958: p.427, 432
Mi 58-266	St.148	x-rays 1957	M2 1958	grey-green, lancet-type, non-dentate leaflets (bw photos)	segreg. 3:43	RÖMER 1973: p.324, St.2
Mi 58-367	St.148	x-rays 1957	M2 1958	unifoliata I, normal shaped but sessile leaflets (no petioles), malformed sterile flowers like cauliflower (bw & color photos)	segreg. 2:57	SCHEIBE and MICKE 1967: p.233, Fig.2b (center)
Mi 58-557	St.148	x-rays 1957	M2 1958	sharply dentate, oval, dark green leaves (bw photo)	segreg. 3:21	RÖMER 1973: p.325, St.3
Mi 58-657	St.148	x-rays 1957	M2 1958	waxless, small dark green leaves, borders wavelike bent	segreg. 3:27	RÖMER 1973: p.325, St.4
Mi 59-69	St.148	x-rays 1957 veget.propag. -1958	M2 1959	small, strongly dentate leaflets, densely branched, long petioles (bw photos)	segreg. 1:20	RÖMER 1973: p.325, St.10
Mi 59-106	St.148	x-rays 1957 veget.propag. -1958	M2 1959	large leaves, long petioles, main branches more vertical, close to main stem		RÖMER 1973: p.325, St.16
Mi 59-127a	St.148	x-rays 1957 veget.propag. -1958	M2 1959	oak-type leaves (pinnately lobed), viridis, bushy (bw photos)	segreg. 7:45	RÖMER 1973: p.325, St.11
Mi 59-834a	St.148	thN + x-rays + colchicine 1958	M2 1959	viridis, reverse eggshape leaflets, horizontal shoots	segreg. 1:13	RÖMER 1973: p.325, St.5
Mi 59-1199	St.148	thN + colchicine 1958	M2 1959	chlorina, smaller plant, very small leaves (bw photos)	segreg. 3:11	RÖMER 1973: p.325, St.6
Mi 59-1199a	St.148	thN + colchicine 1958	M2 1959	very small, non-dentate, dark green leaflets with partly yellowish borders		RÖMER 1973: p.325, St.7
Mi 59-1324	St.148	thN + colchicine 1958	M2 1959	strongly dentate leaflets, irregular nodes, some leaflets within inflorescences (bw photos)	segreg. 1:12	RÖMER 1973: p.325, St.8
Mi 59-1379	St.148	thN + colchicine 1958	M2 1959	long branches and inflorescences, short petioles		RÖMER 1973: p.325, St.14
Mi 59-1488	St.148	thN + x-rays+ colchicine 1958	M2 1959	dark green thicker leaves, irregular unifoliata, no flowers; heterozygote normal flowers (bw photos)	segreg. 4:35	SCHEIBE and MICKE 1967: p.232, Fig.1b
Mi 59-1599	St.148	thN + x-rays + colchicine 1958	M2 1959	bushy type, highly branched, but with some dominance of the main shoot	segreg. 5:9	RÖMER 1973: p.325, St.9
Mi 60-2525	St.148		M3 1960	unifoliata III: normal oval shaped, sessile leaflets, normal flowers (bw photo)		SCHEIBE and MICKE 1967: p.232, Fig.1a (left)
Mi 61-44	St.148	1959/60	M2 1961	partially unifoliata, often incomplete separation of leaflets (pinnately lobed) (bw photos)	segreg. 15:30	SCHEIBE and MICKE 1967: p.232, Fig.1d
Mi 61-65/1	St.148	thN 1959/60	M2 1961	glucoside content reduced to 1/100, but very high glucosidase activity, self-incompatible, only 50% fertile pollen (bw photos)	segreg. 1:43 inherited monomer recessive	MICKE 1962a MICKE 1962/63: p.356 MICKE 1969: p.541-50, Tab.1-5, Fig.1 MICKE 1976: Tab.2 and 3 SCHEIBE and MICKE 1967: p.235 SCHÖN 1966
Mi 61-654	St.148	thN 1959 + x-rays 1960	M2 1961	unifoliata IIa: leaflets with petioles, no flowers (bw photo)	segreg. 5:15	SCHEIBE and MICKE 1967: p.232, Fig.1c
Mi 61-716	St.148	thN 1959 + x-rays 1960	M 2 1961	lacks glucosidase activity		SCHÖN 1966
Mi 61-1835	St.148	thN 1959/60	M2 1961	unifoliata II: leaflets with petioles, "filled" flowers with many petals, rose like, sterile (bw photos)		SCHEIBE and MICKE 1967: p.233, Fig.2c
Mi 62-1353	St.148	thN 1959/60	M3 1962	non-bitter (reduced coumarin content)	segreg. 1(0.0%) : 12(0,2-0,7%) : 10(1,3-3,6%)	SCHEIBE and MICKE 1967: p.235, Tab.1 MICKE 1969: p.548, Fig 1 MICKE 1976: Tab.2
Mi 62-1758	St.148	thN + x-rays 1959/60	M3 1962	non-bitter (reduced coumarin content)	segreg. 1(0,03%) : 4(1-3%)	SCHEIBE and MICKE 1967: p.235, Tab.1 MICKE 1976: Tab.2
Mi 62-1847	St.148	thN + x-rays 1959/60	M3 1962	non-bitter (reduced coumarin content)	segreg. 4(0,05-0,07%) : 12(1,1-4,8%)	MICKE 1969: p.542, Tab.1, Fig.1 MICKE 1976: Tab.2
Mi 62-1849	St.148	thN + x-rays 1959/60	M3-1962	non-bitter (reduced coumarin content and altered glucosidase activity)	segreg. 3(0,03-0,06%) : 6(0,3-0,7%) : 5(1,7-4,9%)	SCHEIBE and MICKE 1967: p.235, Tab1

References

MICKE, A. (1955) Die Auswirkungen einer Röntgenbestrahlung lufttrockener Samen von Melilotus albus Desr. auf die Bestrahlungsgeneration und deren Nachkommenschaften Dissertation. Universität Giessen, 1955.

MICKE, A. (1958) Mutationszüchtung beim weißen Steinklee (Melilotus albus) mit Hilfe von Röntgenstrahlen. Z.Pflanzenzüchtung 38,419-437.

MICKE, A. (1962a) Eine bitterstoffreie Mutante bei Melilotus albus nach Bestrahlung von Samen mit thermischen Neutronen. Naturwiss. 49, 332.

MICKE, A. (1962b) Genetische Untersuchungen beim weißen Steinklee (Melilotus albus). I. Über die Vererbung der Fähigkeit zur Bildung von Cumarinsäureglykosid. Z.Pflanzenzüchtung 48, 1-13.

MICKE, A. (1962/63) Genetisch-züchterische Arbeiten beim weißen Steinklee. Z.Acker- und Pflanzenbau 116, 354-360.

MICKE, A. (1969) Improvement of low yielding sweet clover mutants by heterosis breeding. In: Induced Mutations in Plants. Proc.of FAO/IAEA Symposium, Pullman (USA). IAEA, Vienna. p.541-550.

MICKE, A. (1976) Hybrid vigour in mutant crosses - Prospects and problems of exploitation studied with mutants of sweet clover. In: Induced Mutations in Crossbreeding. Proc.of FAO/IAEA Advisory Group, Vienna (Austria) 1975. IAEA, Vienna. p.199-218.

SCHEIBE, A. and A.MICKE (1967) Experimentally induced mutations in leguminous forage plants and their agronomic value. In: Induced Mutations and their Utilization. Proc. Erwin-Baur-Gedächtnisvorlesungen IV, Gatersleben (Germany) 1966. Akademie-Verlag Berlin. p.231-236

SCHÖN,W.J. (1966) Über die stereospezifische beta-Glucosidase in bitterstoffreien Mutanten bei Melilotus albus. Angewandte Botanik 40,38-54.

RÖMER, F.W. (1973) Heterosis und Kombinationseignung in diallelen Kreuzungen von strahleninduzierten Steinklee-Mutanten. Z.Pflanzenzüchtung 70, 323-348.

Laboratory of Ann Hirsch

Sweetclover Mutants